Wednesday, September 8, 2010
christchurch earthquake
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Saturday, March 20, 2010
New Zealand history research notes
New Zealand file
1830 - In 1830 a permanent whaling station was set up at Te Awaiti on Cook Strait. In the same year Otakou shore whaling station was built in Otago harbor. (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1830-1840 - In 1830 there were about 300 to 330 Pakeha living in NZ. By 1840 the number increased to 2,000. Most came to stay. Most of them came from New South Wales Australia. In 1840, the year the treaty was signed, Maori outnumbered Pakeha in NZ by ten to one. (The story of NZ. J Bassett K Sinclair M Stenton (c)1985).
1839 - In 1839 there were only 2,000 Pakeha in NZ and 114,000 Maori. (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1840 - M N Watt. Index to the NZ section of the register of all British ships 1840-1950. NZ ship and marine society Wellington 1961.
1840 - NZ registered ships 1840-1950.
1840 - The Magnet, Sydney to Otago.
1840 - Auckland Maritime museum. Ancestors who came to NZ from the UK by ship from 1840's onwards. The museum holds lists of ships passengers and poor immigrants. Museums of all kinds in every town. (p64 Writing yout family history, a NZ guide. Joan Rosier-Jones (c)1997).
1840 - Hugh & Lyn Hughes. Discharged in NZ, soldiers of the imperial foot regiments who took their discharge in NZ 1840-1870 NZSG Auckland 1988.
1840 - Most of the early NZ leaders were young. Few older people could handle the long sea voyage. The longest route for migrants in the world, of several months. (The story of NZ. Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
4 Feb 1840 - Henry Williams and his son Edward translated the Treaty of Waitangi into Maori (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
18 Apr 1840 - The first newspaper published in NZ was the NZ Gazette of 18 Apr 1840. (Tracing family history in NZ. Anne Bromell).
1841-1842 - In 1841 the voyage to NZ took four months or more for bad weather. It was crowded and uncomfortable. Fresh food was scarce. Illness was a constant worry. No fresh water for washing. For example the ship Lloyds, which sailed for Nelson in 1842. 65 children died during the voyage. 8 died from whooping cough and the rest died from malnutrition, diarrhoea and neglect. Small bodies were buried at sea and this was a common sight. (The story of NZ. Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1842 - Old colonists jubilee Auckland NZ 1842-92.
1843 - Aliens naturalised in NZ 1843-1916. BAB Microfilming 4 Kathryn ave Auckland ph: 09-625-9778.
1843 - Newspaper Daily southern cross Auckland 1843-76.
1845 - H G Longley. The NZ wars 1843-1866 2 vols Wellington 1967 naqvy 1972 army.
1845-1875 - Between 1845 and 1875 more gold was found than in the whole preceding 350 years. California in the late 1840's. Australia in the 1850's and New Zealand in the 1860's and 1870's. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
1847 - Royal NZ Fencibles corps arrived in Auckland between august 1847 and Dec 1852. NZ Fencible society NZ PoBox 8731 Auckland 3 NZ. 500 army pensioners settled in Howick, Otahuhu, Onehunga and Panmure. 1847-53 passenger lists and p[ension details. Auckland public museum library. (Tracing family history in NZ Anne Bromell).
1847-48 - Clementia Burns was wife of Rev Dr Thomas Burns, pioneer Presbyterian minister and coloniser of Otago. Scotland 1842 and the "New Edinburgh" as Dunedin was firstr named. Sailing on the Philip Laing 27 Nov 1847 and what lay ahead in Dunedin. The Philip Laing arrived in Port Chalmers on 15 Apr 1848 about three weeks after the arrival of its sister ship the John Wycliffe. In June the Burns family went to live in their half built house in Dunedin, near Princes street at the intersection of Jetty street. Arthur, the son started farming on land his father chose at Andersons bay. (Petticoat pioneers. B Harper (c)1980).
1848 - Presbyterian minister biography, first church of Otago 1848-1920 archives. Presbyterian.org.nz (Find your family on the internet. Ros Henry).
1848 - Severe earthquake in Wellington. Otago settlement founded. (Tracing family history in NZ Anne Bromell (c)1996).
1848 - In NZ the registration of UK births and deaths began. Marriages are registered from 1854 onwards. Before these dates vital were recorded in Parish registers. (Oxford guide to family history. David Hey (c)1993).
1848 - Samuel Finch born 1848 Milton Otago New Zealand.
1848-1849 - In Dunedin and Christchurch the new settlers stayed in special barracks until they were ready to build their own houses. 1849 Dunedin making damper bread. Landing of the first Otago immigrants in 1848. (The story of NZ Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1848-1859 - Settlement of Otago began in 1848. The arrival of the John Wyckliffe and the Philip Laing. Dunedin was by 1859 a town of 2,262 people. (NZ a short history Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1849 - The Ajax, London to Otago.
1856 - Auck Almanack and directory for 1856. W Lambert. Auck public library POBox 4138 Auckland NZ.
1857-1863 - For the four years 1857-60 the total gold exported from NZ was nearly 36,000 ounces. In 1861 alone 400,000 ounces. In 1863 625,000 ounces. Most came from the Clutha areas. Gold quantities were expressed in troy ounces. One troy ounce is equal to 31.1035 grams. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
1857-1898 - On 15 Apr 1857 the "Maori" laid anchor outside Otago heads. Uncle Donald Borrie's farm, John the oldest son went to work at James Macandrew's store in Dunedin. As the news of gold spread, Dunedin began to boom, including Macandrew's store. The port became packed with shipping and the customs officer was overworked. So John Borrie left the store to join the customs staff. The influx of gold speculators meant the need for more productive farms. On Sunday, Janet Borrie attended church. Rev W Gilliues was the minister. Janet died in 1898 and she ws buried in the west Taieri cemetery beside her husband, near the church. (Petticoat pioneers. B Harper. (c)1980).
1859 - The Cheviot, Glasgow to Pt Chalmers.
1859-1861 - Dunedin when the gold rush of the 1860's started. News of the gold discoveries in Gabriels Gully and Dunstan reached Dunedin. ODT issue 15 Nov 1861, miners from the worked out goldfields in California and others from Australia's Ballareat and Bendigo. Also from south China came to Dunedin. In 1859 the Otago population was 8,700, when the ODT first went to print two years later, it was 30,000. Within the next two years it had at least doubled. Mass migration in 1861 with the Tuapeka diggings around Gabriels Gully. There were no formed roads, no bridges, wagons and horses. A large stretch is still inaccessible to motor traffic. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
1860 - Gold was found in central Otago 1860-61.
1860 - Wellington suffered a severe economic recession in the 1860's. Bankruptcies were common. The discovery of a goldfield in Wellington would have brought prosperity to the area, as it had done in Otago and it offered men jobs. (The NZ genealogists family historian. Richard Stedman ed (c)2004).
1860 - By the 1860's houses or homesteads were being built especially in the south island where farming prospered. In towns working mens cottages were also built. (The story of NZ Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1860's - Towns like Alexandra, Clyde, Cromwell, Arrowtown and Queenstown sprang up. Without gold they would not have grown or even existed. Most of the major structures were built within 12 years of gold being discovered. The Victoria bridge was the longest of any bridge in Australia or NZ at the time. It was built in four months, cost $6,000 and remained in service for 100 years. Old historical records. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
1860-1863 - Dunedin became the largest town in NZ in the 1860's. A commercial center. Banks flourished and waggons were built in Dunedin. After 1863 gold from the Otago fields fell and many miners left the area. (The story of NZ Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1860-1863 - During the 1860's over $42 million of gold (by 1988 value) was found in Otago rivers and hillsides. Banks expanded. By the 1860's Dunedins central city wooden buildings were being replaced by stone and brick. In 1863 street lamps appeared. An economic recession followed the end of the main sourh island goldfield. (NZ a short history Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1861 - The Oscar, Melbourne to Pt Chalmers.
1861 - The Lady Egidia, Glasgow to Pt Chalmers.
1861 - Gold was discovered at Gabriels gully Otago. 14,000 people landed at Dunedin in one month seeking gold. (Tracing family history in NZ Anne Bromell (c)1996).
1861 - Prospectors looked for gold. The Otago provincial council offered a reward of 500 pounds ($1,000) for the discovery of a workable goldfield. Small finds and rumours of gold strikes were common. But in 1861 the first gold rush began. News was published in the Otago newspaper and tents appeared in Gabriels gulley. By July there were over 11,000 people in the district. Mainly men, many were from Australian gold fields, gold fever had hit NZ. (The story of NZ Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1861-1863 - Julius Vogel went from England to the Australian gold fields at 17 years old. In 1861 he followed gold seekers to Otago working as a newspaper reporter. In November 1861 he helped found NZ's first daily paper The Otago Daily Times. Vogel was elected to parliament in 1863. ( The story of NZ Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1862-1863 - In 1862 the news of the discovery of gold around the Clutha river attracted 3,000 men to the diggings at Dunstan. Then a field on the Arrow river was found and a new goldrush was on. Later finds were made in the Shotover river and at Naseby. A miner named William Fox. Miners worled long hours panningfor gold. Gold was hard to find. Harsh central Otago weather and severe winters. In 1863 nearly 500 men were snowed in without food at a camp high in the hills, many died. Skeletons were found in the hills, a reminder to others of the dangers of seeking gold. July 1863 the Clutha floods and rain fell for six days. (The story of NZ Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1862-1908 - Gold diggers walked in their thousands. The discovery of gold in the Shotover towards the end of 1862 drew men into even more difficult and dangerous country. The Cromwell Argus newspaper records. Hartleys beach, where large amounts of gold were found. A group of miners on the opposite side of the riuver, just at the junction. Were getting gold by the pound. The Argus reported that in the first two weeks of 1863, 173 teams and vehicles crossed on the Cromwell ferry. In 1908 the service procided transport for 23,900 foot passengers, 2,559 on horseback etc. The Lake Wakatipu mail reports the Argus Dec 1869. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
1863 - Newspaper NZ Herald Auckland 1863-
1863 - Not everyone who went to the gold fields to make money was honest. Some men had their eyes on other mens gold, the wealth won by sweat and toil. Robbery was common. Violence and claim jumping robbery in the goldfields. Men from California and Victoria. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
1863-71 - The Rajah in Port Chalmers Otago 1 Aug 1863 ODT article. Dunedin's population was growing fast. Miss Dalpymple got support for a girls school from Julius Vogel editor of the ODT from 1861 to 1868. In 1870 the first public high school for girls in the southern hemisphere and the first class started in Feb 1871. The University of Otago was founded in 1869 the first in NZ. (Petticoat pioneers. B Harper. (c)1980).
1863-1893 - There were many ... the files of local newspapers, hospitals show at least 29 lives lost as a result of falls of earth. Floods in 1863, 1878 and 1893 caused loss of gold belongings and lives. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
1865 - NZ electoral rolls 1865-1954.
1865 - Newspaper Evening Post Wellington 1865-
1866 - Directory of the city and suburbs of Auckland 1866-67 Mitchell & Seffern.
1868 - Canterbury provincial roll 1868-69 1870-71 1872-73 1873-74 BAB Microfilming.
1870 - Dictionary of NZ biography vol 2 1870-1900 Bridget William. Books dept internal affairs Wellington NZ 1993.
1870-1880 - In the 1870's and 1880's the appearance of Russian explorers in the south Pacific and Antarctic warters brought fear of Russian raids on NZ ports etc. (NZ a short history Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1870-1963 - Louis Carmine went to Aystralia in about 1870 porospecting for gold. He did not find a fortune. 1880 townships were cropping up in goldmining areasw in Westland, the Buller gorge and Lyell. In its heyday the Lyell was a successful goldmining center in NZ and quartz mining began in 1874 brining prospectors and workers. The local school was set up in 1874. By the 1890's business and population reached its peak with 86 pupils at the school in the town of Lyell near Westport. In 1963 the last remaining building, the Post office, was burnt down. Descendants are scattered throughout NZ, Irish and Swiss ancestors from Lyell. (Petticoat pioneers. B Harper (c)1980).
1 Aug 1870 - ODT and Dunedin courts reported robbery of gold and goldfields. The Otago Witness and Lake Wakatipu mail 1863 reported heavy snows and the great flood of 1878. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
28 Sep 1871 - Wilfrid von Sturmer born Auckland NZ.
1872 - Wise's NZ Post office directory 1872- 1880 - 1900 1955.
1872 - Newspaper Standard and peoples advocate Gisborne 1872-83.
1873 - Chapmans Auckland directory for 1873 and 1874.
1873 - Susan Love Noone born Alexandra Otago NZ.
19 Apr 1873 - Elizabeth Catherine Finch born Dunedin NZ.
1874 - The Alhambra, Melbourne to Otago.
1874 - The Sussex, Gravesend to Pt Chalmers.
1874 - The Christian McAusland, London to Pt Chalmers.
1874-75 - The Wild Deer, Greenock to Otago.
4 Oct 1875 - Thomas Pryor born Dunedin NZ.
1878 - Turtons land deeds of the north island (pre 1878) Alexander Turnbull library POBox 12-349 Wellington NZ.
1878 - The Invercargill, Liverpool to Pt Chalmers.
1878 - The railway line between Christchurch and Invercargill was completed in 1878. It was the first major railway line to be constructed in NZ. 1878 census NZ Maori 45,542 European 412,465. (Tracing family history in NZ Anne Bromell).
23 Jan 1880 - Amelia Rosetta Williams born Auckland NZ.
1882 - Auckland city and suburbs directory. Ingram and Gardner.
1882 - NZ property tax dept. A return of the freeholders of NZ 1882. Govt printer Welington.
1883 - Auckland city suburban and provincial directory 1883-4. Ingram and Gardner.
1886 - Stones Dunedin and Invercargill directory.
1886 - T W Gudgeon. The defenders of NZ. Brett 1886.
1886-1890 - In 1888 in Dunedin Silas Spragg a journalist and Rutherford Waddell a Presbyterian mnister, publicly exposed a sweating scandal in the clothing industry. Women, some infirm, were forced to work 16 hours for a pittance. There were soup queues in the South island cities and between 1886 and 1890 only 764 assisted immigrants arrived in NZ. In the same time period there was a net emigration of 8700. (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1888 - In Dunedin a Presbyterian mnister, rev Rutherford Waddell and the working condition of clothing workers. 1888 the ODT printed his sermon and a commission was set up to investigate his claims. (The story of NZ. Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1889 - Cleave's Auckland city and suburban directory 1889-1890 1891 until 1923.
1890 - Australian cities had by 1890 developed industries and a Trade unionism, militants were exported to NZ. (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
5 Mar 1890 - David Nicol died Dunedin NZ.
1897 - Cyclopedia of NZ vols 1-6 Cyclopedia co Christchurch 1897-1908.
5 Aug 1897 - Frederick John von Sturmer died Hamilton Waikato NZ.
1899 - Every place in NZ. The NZ index Wise's Christchurch.
1900 - NZ official year book Govt printer Wellington 1900-50.
18 Dec 1900 - Sydney Douglas Pryor was born Dunedin NZ.
1901-1909 - In 1901 there were 202 Trade unions with 23,768 members. By 1907 union membership had grown to 45,614 members, mostly in the mining, transport and building industries. A harder union leadership emerged. In 1909 the Federation of Labor emerged, The more extreme new unionists were syndicalists. In 1908 union militants battled at Blackball coal mine on the West coast strike. Miners union. (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1901-1917 - The role of ideas and ideology in the Cold war. Marxist writings and ideas were known in NZ before 1917. James McPherson and his Canterbury working mens mutual protection society wrote to Marx in the 1870's requesting affiliation to Marx first international. The arrival in NZ of 200 British socialists called the Clarion settlers after a British socialist paper led to the formation in 1901 of a Marxist socialiust party of NZ. (Lenin's legacy down under. A Trapeznik A Fox (c)2004).
1902 - Earl of Ranfurly UJMIC Roll of Honor 1840-1902 defendents of the British empire resident in NZ. NZ Toimes co 1902.
17 May 1902 - Anthony Mangan died Dunedin NZ.
17 May 1903 - Reta Irene Gladys Mangan was born Dunedin NZ.
13 Sep 1904 - Margaret Cairns Smith died Dunedin NZ.
29 Dec 1905 - James John Pryor died Dunedin NZ.
1907 - Stones Otago and Southland directory 1907 1909 1915.
1908 - Historical records of NZ Govt printer Welllington R McNab.
1908 - Whos who in NZ first edition.
28 Aug 1908 - Irene von Strumer born Dunedin NZ.
1909 - Bibliography of NZ literature Govt printer Wellington T M Hocken.
1910 - Datus a chronology of NZ from 925AD to 1910. George Finn.
1912-1913 - The red feds, the IWW, International worlers of the world November 1913. The NZ Labor movement recorded 35 strikes during 1912. Militant unionism began in 1912. (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1914 - Dept of Defence rolls of the NZ expeditionary force 1914-1919 4 vols Govt printer Wellington.
4 Aug 1914 - Britains declaration of war against Germany. (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1830 - In 1830 a permanent whaling station was set up at Te Awaiti on Cook Strait. In the same year Otakou shore whaling station was built in Otago harbor. (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1830-1840 - In 1830 there were about 300 to 330 Pakeha living in NZ. By 1840 the number increased to 2,000. Most came to stay. Most of them came from New South Wales Australia. In 1840, the year the treaty was signed, Maori outnumbered Pakeha in NZ by ten to one. (The story of NZ. J Bassett K Sinclair M Stenton (c)1985).
1839 - In 1839 there were only 2,000 Pakeha in NZ and 114,000 Maori. (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1840 - M N Watt. Index to the NZ section of the register of all British ships 1840-1950. NZ ship and marine society Wellington 1961.
1840 - NZ registered ships 1840-1950.
1840 - The Magnet, Sydney to Otago.
1840 - Auckland Maritime museum. Ancestors who came to NZ from the UK by ship from 1840's onwards. The museum holds lists of ships passengers and poor immigrants. Museums of all kinds in every town. (p64 Writing yout family history, a NZ guide. Joan Rosier-Jones (c)1997).
1840 - Hugh & Lyn Hughes. Discharged in NZ, soldiers of the imperial foot regiments who took their discharge in NZ 1840-1870 NZSG Auckland 1988.
1840 - Most of the early NZ leaders were young. Few older people could handle the long sea voyage. The longest route for migrants in the world, of several months. (The story of NZ. Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
4 Feb 1840 - Henry Williams and his son Edward translated the Treaty of Waitangi into Maori (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
18 Apr 1840 - The first newspaper published in NZ was the NZ Gazette of 18 Apr 1840. (Tracing family history in NZ. Anne Bromell).
1841-1842 - In 1841 the voyage to NZ took four months or more for bad weather. It was crowded and uncomfortable. Fresh food was scarce. Illness was a constant worry. No fresh water for washing. For example the ship Lloyds, which sailed for Nelson in 1842. 65 children died during the voyage. 8 died from whooping cough and the rest died from malnutrition, diarrhoea and neglect. Small bodies were buried at sea and this was a common sight. (The story of NZ. Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1842 - Old colonists jubilee Auckland NZ 1842-92.
1843 - Aliens naturalised in NZ 1843-1916. BAB Microfilming 4 Kathryn ave Auckland ph: 09-625-9778.
1843 - Newspaper Daily southern cross Auckland 1843-76.
1845 - H G Longley. The NZ wars 1843-1866 2 vols Wellington 1967 naqvy 1972 army.
1845-1875 - Between 1845 and 1875 more gold was found than in the whole preceding 350 years. California in the late 1840's. Australia in the 1850's and New Zealand in the 1860's and 1870's. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
1847 - Royal NZ Fencibles corps arrived in Auckland between august 1847 and Dec 1852. NZ Fencible society NZ PoBox 8731 Auckland 3 NZ. 500 army pensioners settled in Howick, Otahuhu, Onehunga and Panmure. 1847-53 passenger lists and p[ension details. Auckland public museum library. (Tracing family history in NZ Anne Bromell).
1847-48 - Clementia Burns was wife of Rev Dr Thomas Burns, pioneer Presbyterian minister and coloniser of Otago. Scotland 1842 and the "New Edinburgh" as Dunedin was firstr named. Sailing on the Philip Laing 27 Nov 1847 and what lay ahead in Dunedin. The Philip Laing arrived in Port Chalmers on 15 Apr 1848 about three weeks after the arrival of its sister ship the John Wycliffe. In June the Burns family went to live in their half built house in Dunedin, near Princes street at the intersection of Jetty street. Arthur, the son started farming on land his father chose at Andersons bay. (Petticoat pioneers. B Harper (c)1980).
1848 - Presbyterian minister biography, first church of Otago 1848-1920 archives. Presbyterian.org.nz (Find your family on the internet. Ros Henry).
1848 - Severe earthquake in Wellington. Otago settlement founded. (Tracing family history in NZ Anne Bromell (c)1996).
1848 - In NZ the registration of UK births and deaths began. Marriages are registered from 1854 onwards. Before these dates vital were recorded in Parish registers. (Oxford guide to family history. David Hey (c)1993).
1848 - Samuel Finch born 1848 Milton Otago New Zealand.
1848-1849 - In Dunedin and Christchurch the new settlers stayed in special barracks until they were ready to build their own houses. 1849 Dunedin making damper bread. Landing of the first Otago immigrants in 1848. (The story of NZ Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1848-1859 - Settlement of Otago began in 1848. The arrival of the John Wyckliffe and the Philip Laing. Dunedin was by 1859 a town of 2,262 people. (NZ a short history Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1849 - The Ajax, London to Otago.
1856 - Auck Almanack and directory for 1856. W Lambert. Auck public library POBox 4138 Auckland NZ.
1857-1863 - For the four years 1857-60 the total gold exported from NZ was nearly 36,000 ounces. In 1861 alone 400,000 ounces. In 1863 625,000 ounces. Most came from the Clutha areas. Gold quantities were expressed in troy ounces. One troy ounce is equal to 31.1035 grams. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
1857-1898 - On 15 Apr 1857 the "Maori" laid anchor outside Otago heads. Uncle Donald Borrie's farm, John the oldest son went to work at James Macandrew's store in Dunedin. As the news of gold spread, Dunedin began to boom, including Macandrew's store. The port became packed with shipping and the customs officer was overworked. So John Borrie left the store to join the customs staff. The influx of gold speculators meant the need for more productive farms. On Sunday, Janet Borrie attended church. Rev W Gilliues was the minister. Janet died in 1898 and she ws buried in the west Taieri cemetery beside her husband, near the church. (Petticoat pioneers. B Harper. (c)1980).
1859 - The Cheviot, Glasgow to Pt Chalmers.
1859-1861 - Dunedin when the gold rush of the 1860's started. News of the gold discoveries in Gabriels Gully and Dunstan reached Dunedin. ODT issue 15 Nov 1861, miners from the worked out goldfields in California and others from Australia's Ballareat and Bendigo. Also from south China came to Dunedin. In 1859 the Otago population was 8,700, when the ODT first went to print two years later, it was 30,000. Within the next two years it had at least doubled. Mass migration in 1861 with the Tuapeka diggings around Gabriels Gully. There were no formed roads, no bridges, wagons and horses. A large stretch is still inaccessible to motor traffic. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
1860 - Gold was found in central Otago 1860-61.
1860 - Wellington suffered a severe economic recession in the 1860's. Bankruptcies were common. The discovery of a goldfield in Wellington would have brought prosperity to the area, as it had done in Otago and it offered men jobs. (The NZ genealogists family historian. Richard Stedman ed (c)2004).
1860 - By the 1860's houses or homesteads were being built especially in the south island where farming prospered. In towns working mens cottages were also built. (The story of NZ Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1860's - Towns like Alexandra, Clyde, Cromwell, Arrowtown and Queenstown sprang up. Without gold they would not have grown or even existed. Most of the major structures were built within 12 years of gold being discovered. The Victoria bridge was the longest of any bridge in Australia or NZ at the time. It was built in four months, cost $6,000 and remained in service for 100 years. Old historical records. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
1860-1863 - Dunedin became the largest town in NZ in the 1860's. A commercial center. Banks flourished and waggons were built in Dunedin. After 1863 gold from the Otago fields fell and many miners left the area. (The story of NZ Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1860-1863 - During the 1860's over $42 million of gold (by 1988 value) was found in Otago rivers and hillsides. Banks expanded. By the 1860's Dunedins central city wooden buildings were being replaced by stone and brick. In 1863 street lamps appeared. An economic recession followed the end of the main sourh island goldfield. (NZ a short history Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1861 - The Oscar, Melbourne to Pt Chalmers.
1861 - The Lady Egidia, Glasgow to Pt Chalmers.
1861 - Gold was discovered at Gabriels gully Otago. 14,000 people landed at Dunedin in one month seeking gold. (Tracing family history in NZ Anne Bromell (c)1996).
1861 - Prospectors looked for gold. The Otago provincial council offered a reward of 500 pounds ($1,000) for the discovery of a workable goldfield. Small finds and rumours of gold strikes were common. But in 1861 the first gold rush began. News was published in the Otago newspaper and tents appeared in Gabriels gulley. By July there were over 11,000 people in the district. Mainly men, many were from Australian gold fields, gold fever had hit NZ. (The story of NZ Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1861-1863 - Julius Vogel went from England to the Australian gold fields at 17 years old. In 1861 he followed gold seekers to Otago working as a newspaper reporter. In November 1861 he helped found NZ's first daily paper The Otago Daily Times. Vogel was elected to parliament in 1863. ( The story of NZ Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1862-1863 - In 1862 the news of the discovery of gold around the Clutha river attracted 3,000 men to the diggings at Dunstan. Then a field on the Arrow river was found and a new goldrush was on. Later finds were made in the Shotover river and at Naseby. A miner named William Fox. Miners worled long hours panningfor gold. Gold was hard to find. Harsh central Otago weather and severe winters. In 1863 nearly 500 men were snowed in without food at a camp high in the hills, many died. Skeletons were found in the hills, a reminder to others of the dangers of seeking gold. July 1863 the Clutha floods and rain fell for six days. (The story of NZ Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1862-1908 - Gold diggers walked in their thousands. The discovery of gold in the Shotover towards the end of 1862 drew men into even more difficult and dangerous country. The Cromwell Argus newspaper records. Hartleys beach, where large amounts of gold were found. A group of miners on the opposite side of the riuver, just at the junction. Were getting gold by the pound. The Argus reported that in the first two weeks of 1863, 173 teams and vehicles crossed on the Cromwell ferry. In 1908 the service procided transport for 23,900 foot passengers, 2,559 on horseback etc. The Lake Wakatipu mail reports the Argus Dec 1869. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
1863 - Newspaper NZ Herald Auckland 1863-
1863 - Not everyone who went to the gold fields to make money was honest. Some men had their eyes on other mens gold, the wealth won by sweat and toil. Robbery was common. Violence and claim jumping robbery in the goldfields. Men from California and Victoria. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
1863-71 - The Rajah in Port Chalmers Otago 1 Aug 1863 ODT article. Dunedin's population was growing fast. Miss Dalpymple got support for a girls school from Julius Vogel editor of the ODT from 1861 to 1868. In 1870 the first public high school for girls in the southern hemisphere and the first class started in Feb 1871. The University of Otago was founded in 1869 the first in NZ. (Petticoat pioneers. B Harper. (c)1980).
1863-1893 - There were many ... the files of local newspapers, hospitals show at least 29 lives lost as a result of falls of earth. Floods in 1863, 1878 and 1893 caused loss of gold belongings and lives. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
1865 - NZ electoral rolls 1865-1954.
1865 - Newspaper Evening Post Wellington 1865-
1866 - Directory of the city and suburbs of Auckland 1866-67 Mitchell & Seffern.
1868 - Canterbury provincial roll 1868-69 1870-71 1872-73 1873-74 BAB Microfilming.
1870 - Dictionary of NZ biography vol 2 1870-1900 Bridget William. Books dept internal affairs Wellington NZ 1993.
1870-1880 - In the 1870's and 1880's the appearance of Russian explorers in the south Pacific and Antarctic warters brought fear of Russian raids on NZ ports etc. (NZ a short history Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1870-1963 - Louis Carmine went to Aystralia in about 1870 porospecting for gold. He did not find a fortune. 1880 townships were cropping up in goldmining areasw in Westland, the Buller gorge and Lyell. In its heyday the Lyell was a successful goldmining center in NZ and quartz mining began in 1874 brining prospectors and workers. The local school was set up in 1874. By the 1890's business and population reached its peak with 86 pupils at the school in the town of Lyell near Westport. In 1963 the last remaining building, the Post office, was burnt down. Descendants are scattered throughout NZ, Irish and Swiss ancestors from Lyell. (Petticoat pioneers. B Harper (c)1980).
1 Aug 1870 - ODT and Dunedin courts reported robbery of gold and goldfields. The Otago Witness and Lake Wakatipu mail 1863 reported heavy snows and the great flood of 1878. (Costly gold. JS RW Murray. Clutha riches and their human toll).
28 Sep 1871 - Wilfrid von Sturmer born Auckland NZ.
1872 - Wise's NZ Post office directory 1872- 1880 - 1900 1955.
1872 - Newspaper Standard and peoples advocate Gisborne 1872-83.
1873 - Chapmans Auckland directory for 1873 and 1874.
1873 - Susan Love Noone born Alexandra Otago NZ.
19 Apr 1873 - Elizabeth Catherine Finch born Dunedin NZ.
1874 - The Alhambra, Melbourne to Otago.
1874 - The Sussex, Gravesend to Pt Chalmers.
1874 - The Christian McAusland, London to Pt Chalmers.
1874-75 - The Wild Deer, Greenock to Otago.
4 Oct 1875 - Thomas Pryor born Dunedin NZ.
1878 - Turtons land deeds of the north island (pre 1878) Alexander Turnbull library POBox 12-349 Wellington NZ.
1878 - The Invercargill, Liverpool to Pt Chalmers.
1878 - The railway line between Christchurch and Invercargill was completed in 1878. It was the first major railway line to be constructed in NZ. 1878 census NZ Maori 45,542 European 412,465. (Tracing family history in NZ Anne Bromell).
23 Jan 1880 - Amelia Rosetta Williams born Auckland NZ.
1882 - Auckland city and suburbs directory. Ingram and Gardner.
1882 - NZ property tax dept. A return of the freeholders of NZ 1882. Govt printer Welington.
1883 - Auckland city suburban and provincial directory 1883-4. Ingram and Gardner.
1886 - Stones Dunedin and Invercargill directory.
1886 - T W Gudgeon. The defenders of NZ. Brett 1886.
1886-1890 - In 1888 in Dunedin Silas Spragg a journalist and Rutherford Waddell a Presbyterian mnister, publicly exposed a sweating scandal in the clothing industry. Women, some infirm, were forced to work 16 hours for a pittance. There were soup queues in the South island cities and between 1886 and 1890 only 764 assisted immigrants arrived in NZ. In the same time period there was a net emigration of 8700. (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1888 - In Dunedin a Presbyterian mnister, rev Rutherford Waddell and the working condition of clothing workers. 1888 the ODT printed his sermon and a commission was set up to investigate his claims. (The story of NZ. Bassett Sinclair Stenson (c)1985).
1889 - Cleave's Auckland city and suburban directory 1889-1890 1891 until 1923.
1890 - Australian cities had by 1890 developed industries and a Trade unionism, militants were exported to NZ. (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
5 Mar 1890 - David Nicol died Dunedin NZ.
1897 - Cyclopedia of NZ vols 1-6 Cyclopedia co Christchurch 1897-1908.
5 Aug 1897 - Frederick John von Sturmer died Hamilton Waikato NZ.
1899 - Every place in NZ. The NZ index Wise's Christchurch.
1900 - NZ official year book Govt printer Wellington 1900-50.
18 Dec 1900 - Sydney Douglas Pryor was born Dunedin NZ.
1901-1909 - In 1901 there were 202 Trade unions with 23,768 members. By 1907 union membership had grown to 45,614 members, mostly in the mining, transport and building industries. A harder union leadership emerged. In 1909 the Federation of Labor emerged, The more extreme new unionists were syndicalists. In 1908 union militants battled at Blackball coal mine on the West coast strike. Miners union. (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1901-1917 - The role of ideas and ideology in the Cold war. Marxist writings and ideas were known in NZ before 1917. James McPherson and his Canterbury working mens mutual protection society wrote to Marx in the 1870's requesting affiliation to Marx first international. The arrival in NZ of 200 British socialists called the Clarion settlers after a British socialist paper led to the formation in 1901 of a Marxist socialiust party of NZ. (Lenin's legacy down under. A Trapeznik A Fox (c)2004).
1902 - Earl of Ranfurly UJMIC Roll of Honor 1840-1902 defendents of the British empire resident in NZ. NZ Toimes co 1902.
17 May 1902 - Anthony Mangan died Dunedin NZ.
17 May 1903 - Reta Irene Gladys Mangan was born Dunedin NZ.
13 Sep 1904 - Margaret Cairns Smith died Dunedin NZ.
29 Dec 1905 - James John Pryor died Dunedin NZ.
1907 - Stones Otago and Southland directory 1907 1909 1915.
1908 - Historical records of NZ Govt printer Welllington R McNab.
1908 - Whos who in NZ first edition.
28 Aug 1908 - Irene von Strumer born Dunedin NZ.
1909 - Bibliography of NZ literature Govt printer Wellington T M Hocken.
1910 - Datus a chronology of NZ from 925AD to 1910. George Finn.
1912-1913 - The red feds, the IWW, International worlers of the world November 1913. The NZ Labor movement recorded 35 strikes during 1912. Militant unionism began in 1912. (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
1914 - Dept of Defence rolls of the NZ expeditionary force 1914-1919 4 vols Govt printer Wellington.
4 Aug 1914 - Britains declaration of war against Germany. (NZ a short history. Laurie Barber (c)1989).
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